Galvanic Isolation
Galvanic isolation transfers a signal across a barrier without a direct conductive connection between the isolated sides.
It can interrupt a conductive ground path. The effect depends on which signal, ground and power connections cross the barrier; it does not mean every form of interference is eliminated.
Galvanic Isolation — SFP Ethernet Cable
For an optical Ethernet link, the fibre carries light rather than an electrical current between the endpoints. This removes the conductive path through that optical data link.
Identify the actual optical link and any other interconnections. A copper SFP connection is not equivalent to fibre, and separate power or cable grounds can still connect the wider system.
Galvanic Isolation — Upscaler
For an upscaler, isolation concerns the specified digital interface or internal boundary. It can separate ground domains while audio data passes between them.
Check which inputs or outputs are isolated and whether power is also separated. Isolation does not itself specify sample-rate conversion, clock jitter or the behavior of other connected interfaces.
Galvanic Isolation — USB Reclocker
For a USB reclocker, isolation may separate the host-facing and device-facing circuits. The treatment of USB data, ground and power determines the actual barrier.
Check supported USB operation and whether power crosses through an isolated supply. Reclocking or providing a new power feed alone does not establish galvanic isolation.