Vertical Tracking Angle
Vertical tracking angle (VTA) is the side-view angle between the record surface and the line from the stylus contact point to the cantilever pivot. The cantilever is the small rod that carries the stylus.
The cartridge specification states its designed tracking angle in degrees (°).
Vertical Tracking Angle — Cartridge
A stated VTA of 23° does not mean tilting the tonearm to 23°. A larger number does not, by itself, mean better sound. It describes geometry, not a performance score.
For setup, follow the cartridge and tonearm makers’ instructions for arm height, using the recommended tracking force: the downward force on the stylus. An arm parallel to the record surface is a common starting position, not a universal angle prescription.
Stylus rake angle (SRA) concerns the stylus contact edge’s angle to the record, viewed from the side. Azimuth is the stylus’s sideways tilt when viewed from the front. These are different angles from VTA.
Sources
- VTA and azimuth alignment — Audio-Technica
- AT-VM95ML installation and specifications — Audio-Technica
- OM cartridge specifications — Ortofon
- Cartridge setup and tracking force — Ortofon
- MC A95 stylus rake angle — Ortofon